Endoscopic near infrared and indocyanine green to verify the viability of the subcutaneous flap for vulvar cancer.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION\nVulvar cancer often requires radical vulvectomy with subsequent vulvar flap. Approximately in 20-60% of cases, there are post-operative complications ranging from infection to flap necrosis that often require reoperation. Several methods have been described to verify the vitality of the flap, but these are often expensive and require specific machinery that is not generally present in a gynecological clinic. In this case report, we present a viability verification of VY fasciocutaneous advancement flap for vulvar reconstruction by Endoscopic Near-Infrared and Indocyanine Green.\n\n\nMETHODOLOGY\nThe patient was a 67-year-old woman with FIGO IB\u202f≤\u202f4\u202fcm squamous cell vulvar cancer with absence of inguinal lymphadenopathy. The lesion appeared about 35\u202fmm from the lateral margin of the large left lip and extended to the left inguinocrural fold. The patient underwent left inguinal lymphadenectomy and left radical hemivulvectomy with a left fasciocutaneous medial-thigh advancement flap. For the flap evaluation, we endovenous administered 50\u202fmg of Indocyanine Green diluted in 10\u202fml of saline solution. After 10\u202fmin we visualized the flap margin with a near-infrared laparoscopic view. The evaluation was repeated at the end of the surgical procedure and we confirmed the good vascularization of the flap.\n\n\nRESULTS\nNo early or late post-operative complications were obtained. There was no wound dehiscence, marginal necrosis or surgical site infection.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nVerifying the viability of the vulvar flap using near-infrared laparoscopic optics was easy to use, reproducible and highly economical technique. This could be a reproducible alternative to other more expensive techniques.