Breakfast consumption modulates postprandial glycaemic, insulinaemic and NEFA response in pre-diabetic Asian males.

Abstract

Breakfast consumption is associated with a variety of nutritional and lifestyle-related health outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate how the consumption of breakfast affected blood glucose, insulin and non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA) profiles. A lower postprandial blood glucose, insulin and NEFA response is associated with a lower risk of development of metabolic diseases. In a randomised crossover non-blind design, 13 pre-diabetic Chinese adult males (body mass index 26.7±4.2 kg/m2) attended two sessions where they either consumed a high glycaemic index breakfast or no breakfast consumption. Changes in glycaemic response over 27 hour periods were measured using the Medtronic MiniMed iProTM2 continuous glucose monitoring system. Blood samples were collected using a peripheral venous catheter at fixed intervals for 3 h after the test meal and 3 hours after standardised lunch consumption. Postprandial glucose, insulin and NEFA response was calculated as total area under the curve (tAUC) and incremental area under the curve (iAUC) using the trapezoidal rule that ignored the area under the baseline. It was found that breakfast consumption significantly decreased postprandial glucose, insulin and NEFA excursion response at lunch time (p = 0.001). Consumption of breakfast attenuated blood glucose profiles by minimising glycaemic excursions, reduced both insulinaemic and NEFA responses in pre-diabetic Asian males during the second meal. This simple dietary intervention may be a novel approach to help improve subsequent lunch glycaemic responses in Asians at high risk of developing diabetes. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03257059.