ApoA2-256T>C polymorphism interacts with Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Quality Index-International, and Dietary Phytochemical Index to affect biochemical markers among type 2 diabetic patients.

Abstract

BACKGROUND\nSeveral investigations revealed the association between ApoA2 concentration and lipid profile, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers. Dietary habits also play a major role in the health status of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to investigate the interaction of ApoA2-256T>C with dietary indexes on ghrelin and leptin hormones together with biochemical markers among individuals with T2D.\n\n\nMETHOD\nA cross-sectional study was conducted on 726 randomly selected individuals with T2D. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Dietary Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI). ApoA2-256T>C genotypes were detected by Realtime-PCR. Ghrelin, leptin, and biochemical markers were also assessed. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for the interaction between the polymorphism and dietary indexes.\n\n\nRESULTS\nA significant interaction was observed between ApoA2-256T>C and DQI-I on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Besides, the interaction of the SNP and DPI significantly affected hs-CRP and 8-isoprostane F2α (PGF2α) levels. CCs in the second tertile of DPI had the lowest hs-CRP level and it was elevated due to adhering to DQI-I (Pinteraction = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). Moreover, T-allele (protective allele) carriers with the highest level of PGF2α and SOD activity were those in the second tertile of DPI and DQI-I, respectively (Pinteraction = 0.03 and 0.007, respectively).\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nSOD activity, hs-CRP, and PGF2α concentration may be modified in T-allele carriers and CCs by the adherence to DPI and DQI-I, though, additional studies are required to confirm these findings.