Does coffee, tea and caffeine consumption reduce the risk of incident breast cancer? A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE\nWe aimed to evaluate the association between coffee and/or tea consumption and breast cancer (BC) risk among premenopausal and postmenopausal women and to conduct a network meta-analysis.\n\n\nDESIGN\nSystematic review and network meta-analysis.\n\n\nSETTING\nWe conducted a systematic review of electronic publications in the last 30 years to identify case-control studies or prospective cohort studies that evaluated the effects of coffee and tea intake.\n\n\nRESULTS\nForty-five studies that included more than 3\xa0323\xa0288 participants were eligible for analysis. Network meta-analysis was performed to determine the effects of coffee and/or tea consumption on reducing BC risk in a dose-dependent manner and differences in coffee/tea type, menopause status, hormone receptor and the BMI in subgroup and meta-regression analyses. According to the first pairwise meta-analysis, low-dose coffee intake and high-dose tea intake may exhibit efficacy in preventing ER(estrogen receptor)- BC, particularly in postmenopausal women. Then, we performed another pairwise and network meta-analysis and determined that the recommended daily doses were 2-3 cups/d of coffee or ≥5 cups/d of tea, which contained a high concentration of caffeine, particularly in postmenopausal women.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nCoffee and tea consumption is not associated with a reduction in the overall BC risk in postmenopausal women and is associated with a potentially lower risk of ER- BC. And the highest recommended dose is 2-3 cups of coffee/d or ≥5 cups of tea/d. They are potentially useful dietary protectants for preventing BC.