Magneli-phase titanium suboxide nanocrystals as highly active catalysts for selective acetalization of furfural.

Abstract

Alongside TiO2, Magneli-phase titanium suboxide having the composition of TinO2n-1 is a kind of attractive functional materials composed of titanium. However, there still remain problems to be overcome in the synthesis of titanium suboxide; the existing synthesis methods require high temperature typically over 1000 °C and/or post-synthesis purification. This study presents a novel approach to synthesis of titanium suboxide nanoparticles through solid-phase reaction of TiO2 with TiH2. Crystal phases of titanium suboxide were easily controlled by changing TiO2/TiH2 molar ratios in a TiO2-TiH2 mixed precursor and a series of titanium suboxide nanoparticles including Ti2O3, Ti3O5, Ti4O7 and Ti8O15 were successfully obtained. The reaction of TiO2 with TiH2 proceeded at relatively low temperature due to high reactivity of TiH2, giving titanium suboxide nanoparticles without any post-synthesis purification. Ti2O3 nanoparticles and TiO2 were applied as solid acid catalysts for reaction of furfural with 2-propanol. Ti2O3 showed high catalytic activity and high selectivity for acetalization of furfural, while TiO2 showed only poor activity for transfer hydrogenation of furfural. The difference in catalytic properties is discussed in terms of the acid properties of Ti2O3 and TiO2.