Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology | 2019
Perceived underemployment and couple relationships among African American parents: A dyadic approach.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE\nIn the United States, underemployment is more common among ethnic minorities, especially African Americans. At the same time, African American couples are at higher risks of marital difficulties than other racial/ethnic groups. This study used a dyadic approach to examine implications of underemployment, as perceived by African American mothers and fathers, for their own and their partners couple relationship experiences, including relational love and coparenting satisfaction. The vulnerability-stress-adaptation framework of couple relationships guided tests of moderation by depressive symptoms, work hours, workplace discrimination, and expressive personality.\n\n\nMETHOD\nThe sample included 164 African American dual-earner parents (mean age = 40.53 and 43.11 for mothers and fathers) who were interviewed on two occasions across two years. Actor-partner interdependence modeling was used for the analyses.\n\n\nRESULTS\nFathers underemployment perceptions negatively predicted their own reports of love and coparenting satisfaction. Significant interactions indicated that the negative effects of fathers perceived underemployment on their own relational love were stronger for fathers with more depressive symptoms, and, for less expressive mothers, on mothers love and coparenting satisfaction. However, mothers perceived underemployment was a positive predictor of mothers love when they worked fewer hours and a negative predictor of mothers coparenting satisfaction when they had high expressive personality.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nImplications of underemployment experiences for couple relationships differ across gender and need to be considered in the context of partners vulnerabilities, adaptive characteristics and other stressors. Findings advance understanding of underemployment and work-marriage linkages among African Americans, and highlight the utility of a dyadic approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).