An exploratory study of parent–child association in sensory modulation disorder involving ADHD-related symptoms

Abstract

BackgroundSensory modulation disorder (SMD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can co-occur and have overlapping symptoms, thus challenging practitioners. This study aimed to phenotypically explore parent–child associations in SMD, and the interplay between SMD- and ADHD-related symptoms in children with SMD and their parents.MethodsA cross-sectional study examined 70 parents (n\u2009=\u200935 mothers; n\u2009=\u200935 fathers) and their 35 children with and without SMD, aged 4–6 years. Parents completed care-giver reports: The Short Sensory Profile (SSP) and the ADHD Rating Scale, and self-reports: The Sensory Responsiveness Questionnaire (SRQ) and the ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS).ResultsIn the entire sample, we found a mother–offspring correlation between SSP and SRQ-Aversive scores (rs\u2009=\u2009−0.68; p\u2009<\u20090.001), but no such father–offspring correlation. However, when testing the ADHD Rating Scale and ASRS scores, we found correlations between mothers and offspring (rs\u2009=\u20090.54, p\u2009=\u20090.0008), and between fathers and offspring (rs\u2009=\u20090.34, p\u2009=\u20090.0494). In the entire sample a high correlation was found between SSP and ADHD Rating Scale scores (rs\u2009=\u2009−0.837, p\u2009<\u20090.001). We further found a high correlation in mothers (rs\u2009=\u20090.70, p\u2009<\u20090.001), and a moderate correlation in fathers (rs\u2009=\u20090.40, p\u2009=\u20090.019) between SRQ-Aversive and ASRS scores.ConclusionsNovel findings reveal that parents–offspring heritability patterns differ in both these related conditions. These may contribute to familial practice and research.