Age-stratified prevalence, treatment status, and associated factors of hypertension among US adults following application of the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline

Abstract

The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults reduced the systolic/diastolic blood pressure thresholds to define hypertension, including recommendations about treatment initiations and goals. We estimated the age-stratified prevalence, treatment status, and factors associated with hypertension among US adults aged ≥\u200920 years based on this guideline. This cross-sectional study used the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. The primary outcomes were the presence and treatment status of hypertension. Among 16,103 participants, the proportions (95% confidence interval) of hypertensive, treatment-indicated, untreated individuals among treatment-indicated, and treatment goals not met among treated for hypertension by age groups were, respectively, 17.4% (15.8–19.1), 6.9% (6.1–7.8), 67.6% (61.0–73.5), and 58.6% (46.1–70.2) among 20–34 years; 39.2% (37.0–41.5), 24.4% (22.4–26.5), 41.8% (37.7–46.0), and 50.4% (44.7–56.1) among 35–49 years; 62.3% (60.1–64.6), 51.4% (49.0–53.8), 31.0% (28.2–34.0), and 51.9% (47.6–56.1) among 50–64 years; 77.7% (75.3–79.8), 77.0% (74.7–79.2), 27.0% (24.3–29.8), and 63.1% (59.4–66.5) among ≥\u200965 years; and 46.8% (45.4–48.3), 36.9% (35.4–38.5), 33.2% (30.9–35.5), and 56.7% (54.1–59.3) among overall population. Despite some dissimilarities, the prevalence, treatment eligibility, and odds of hypertension were higher among non-Hispanic blacks and among people with high cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, increased body weight, and low leisure-time physical activity in all age strata. The prevalence and treatment eligibility were high among adults from all age groups; however, a significant proportion of participants, especially those who were younger, had blood pressure levels above the treatment goals or were untreated. Addressing the associated characteristics from a younger age may help prevent the complications of hypertension.