Upregulation of Yy1 Suppresses Dilated Cardiomyopathy caused by Ttn insufficiency

Abstract

Truncating variants in TTN (TTNtv), coding for the largest structural protein in the sarcomere, contribute to the largest portion of familial and ambulatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). TTN haploinsufficiency caused by TTNtv is suggested as the disease mechanism. However, it is unclear whether TTN insufficiency causes DCM. Moreover, it is unknown whether modulation of downstream pathways serves as a therapeutic strategy for DCM caused by TTN insufficiency. Here, we show that reduction of cardiac Ttn expression by adeno-associated virus mediated shRNA (Ttn shRNA) generated DCM in mouse, demonstrating impaired cardiac performance, enlarged left ventricle (LV) and reduced LV wall thickness. A screen of 10 dysregulated and selected genes identified that Yin Yang 1 (Yy1) significantly suppressed DCM caused by Ttn shRNA. Gene profiling by RNAseq showed Yy1 modulated cell growth related genes. Ttn insufficiency activated cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry by upregulating of Ccnd1 and Ccnd2. Cardiomyocytes activated by Ttn insufficiency did not advance to S phase by EdU incorporation assay. Yy1 promoted cardiomyocyte cell cycle by further enhancing Ccnd1 and Ccnd2 and increasing DNA replication without undergoing cell division. Importantly, upregulation of Ccnd1 and Ccnd2 suppressed DCM caused by Ttn insufficiency. Our findings demonstrate that DCM caused by Ttn insufficiency can be treated by therapeutically promoting cardiac cell cycle.