Ultra-broad spectral photo-response in FePS3 air-stable devices

Abstract

Van der Waals materials with narrow energy gaps and efficient response over a broadband optical spectral range are key to widen the energy window of nanoscale optoelectronic devices. Here, we characterize FePS 3 as an appealing narrow-gap p-type semiconductor with an efficient broadband photo-response, a high refractive index, and a remarkable resilience against air and light exposure. To enable fast prototyping, we provide a straightforward guideline to determine the thickness of few-layered FePS 3 nanosheets extracted from the optical transmission characteristics of several flakes. The analysis of the electrical photo-response of FePS 3 devices as a function of the excitation energy confirms a narrow gap suitable for near IR detection (1.23\u2009eV) and, more interestingly, reveals a broad spectral responsivity up to the ultraviolet region. The experimental estimate for the gap energy is corroborated by ab-initio calculations. An analysis of photocurrent as a function of gate voltage and incident power reveals a photo-response dominated by photogating effects. Finally, aging studies of FePS 3 nanosheets under ambient conditions show a limited reactivity of the outermost layers of flakes in long exposures to air.