Use of a reproduction practice by a whole ear in winter wheat primary seed farming

Abstract

The article presents the results of field and laboratory studies from 2017 to 2020, on the basis of which a comprehensive assessment was given for the study of various sowing patterns (2, 3, 4, 5 ears/run.m with a width of interspaces of 45 cm) with a whole unfinished ear of winter soft wheat of the Lgovskaya 4 variety 4 in the nursery for testing offsprings of the first year in Kursk Region. It was found that when selecting whole ears by size, it is necessary to take into account the weight of grain in the ears, as the most variable feature. Inside the ear, a large density of plants was noted, which significantly reduced the nutritional area compared to the extreme plants in the ear. Plants inside the ear had similar conditions for nutrition and development in all sowing patterns. Extreme plants in the ear due to the larger food area were in better conditions. Productive bushiness decreased with thickening of crops with ears from 2.1 to 1.6 stems/plant. The density of the cenosis and yield, on the contrary, increased by 85% and 60.4%, respectively. The best conditions for the formation of a full-value seed crop were developed at 4 ears/lin.m, since maximum indicators were noted: the survival rate of plants from the ears was 84.1%, the yield of conditioned seeds was 93%, the germination energy was 95%, the smallest number of rejected families was 19%. The use of a compacted sowing pattern of 4 ears/lin.m in the first-year offspring testing nursery increased seed yield by 75% compared to the control.