Formation of rice plants productivity traits in first generation hybrids and their inheritance

Abstract

Rice is the oldest and widespread food crop, which is a staple food in many countries such as India, Japan, China, Vietnam. Milled rice has a balanced amino acid composition, excellent taste, is highly digestible and assimilable, it is widely used, in general, and dietary nutrition, and its broth has healing properties. Derivatives produced from cereals are widely used in the textile, perfumery, and medical industries. The straw is used to feed livestock and make household goods. Huge shifts have taken place in recent years in domestic and foreign rice cultivation, varieties of various purposes and uses have been developed and are cultivated, but, despite this, there are still many unsolved urgent problems. The main of these problems is the development of high-yielding varieties, which are greatly influenced by economically important traits: plant height, total and productive tillering, the number of spikelets and grains in a panicle, grain size, mass of 1000 grains, etc. The solution to this problem largely depends on the availability of genetically diverse initial material with a broad response to changes in environmental conditions, its study and correct selection; as well as the identification of new sources of valuable traits and properties, among ecologically distant agroecotypes, which enrich the genetic potential of domestic varieties. In the modern biological science of heredity, there is still the question of the inheritance of quantitative traits. The study of the inheritance of quantitative traits that make up the main elements of the yield structure is one of the most important tasks, the solution of which is necessary to accelerate the breeding process. The inheritance of any trait is often determined by researchers by the value of the dominance coefficient [7].