Xylazine or detomidine in dairy calves: a comparison of clinically relevant pharmacodynamic parameters under sedation.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE\nChemical restraint in dairy calves is necessary to enable diagnostic and surgical procedures. It is unclear whether xylazine or detomidine differ with regard to desirable and unwanted effects.\n\n\nMATERIAL AND METHODS\nIn a prospective randomized interventional study, 10 healthy Holstein-Friesian calves (age range 3-6\u2005month) were sedated with either xylazine (0.1\u2005mg/kg, Group\u2005X, n\u2005=\u20055) or detomidine (0.03\u2005mg/kg, Group\u2005D, n\u2005=\u20055) intravenously, followed by butorphanol (0.1\u2005mg/kg i.\u2005v.) in all animals. Characteristics of sedation and selected pharmacodynamic parameters were compared between groups using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test.\n\n\nRESULTS\nAll calves (5/5) in Group\u2005X and (3/5) calves in Group\u2005D became laterally recumbent within 5\u2005minutes. Two calves (40\u2005%) in Group\u2005D remained standing and could not been positioned in lateral recumbency 15\u2005minutes after initial administration of the sedation agents. Sedation scores, onset and duration of sedation did not differ between groups. Heart and respiratory rate decreased in both groups. Mean arterial pressure was with around 30\u2005mmHg significantly higher in Group\u2005D (t25, t30, t35, t40 with p\u2005=\u20050.018, 0.036, 0.029 and 0.016, respectively). In Group\u2005X, glucose level (t60) and packed cell volume (t30) were significantly lower (p\u2005=\u20050.032 and 0.048, respectively).\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nand clinical relevance The xylazine-butorphanol combination provided reliable recumbent chemical restraint. With detomidine-butorphanol recumbency failed in some individuals, but a sufficient clinical sedation was achieved. Based on the limited monitoring used in this study, the side effects are of minor clinical relevance in healthy individuals.