Automated Audiometry in Quiet and Simulated Exam Room Noise for Listeners with Normal Hearing and Impaired Hearing.

Abstract

BACKGROUND\n\u2003Up to 80% of audiograms could be automated which would allow more time for provision of specialty services. Ideally, automated audiometers would provide accurate results for listeners with impaired hearing as well as normal hearing. Additionally, accurate results should be provided both in controlled environments like a sound-attenuating room but also in test environments that may support greater application when sound-attenuating rooms are unavailable. Otokiosk is an iOS-based system that has been available for clinical use, but there are not yet any published validation studies using this product.\n\n\nPURPOSE\n\u2003The purpose of this project was to complete a validation study on the OtoKiosk automated audiometry system in quiet and in low-level noise, for listeners with normal hearing and for listeners with impaired hearing.\n\n\nRESEARCH DESIGN\n\u2003Pure tone air conduction thresholds were obtained for each participant for three randomized conditions: standard audiometry, automated testing in quiet, and automated testing in noise. Noise, when present, was 35\u2009dBA overall and was designed to emulate an empty medical exam room.\n\n\nSTUDY SAMPLE\n\u2003Participants consisted of 11 adults with hearing loss and 15 adults with normal hearing recruited from the local area.\n\n\nDATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS\n\u2003Thresholds were measured at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000\u2009Hz using the Otokiosk system that incorporates a modified Hughson-Westlake method. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and also by a linear mixed-effects model to compare thresholds obtained in each condition.\n\n\nRESULTS\n\u2003Across condition and participant group 73.6% of thresholds measured with OtoKiosk were within\u2009±\u20095\u2009dB of the conventionally measured thresholds; 92.8% were within\u2009±\u200910\u2009dB. On average, differences between tests were small. Pairwise comparisons revealed thresholds were ∼3.5-4\u2009dB better with conventional audiometry than with the mobile application in quiet and in noise. Noise did not affect thresholds measured with OtoKiosk.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\n\u2003The OtoKiosk automated hearing test measured pure tone air conduction thresholds from 500 - 4000\u2009Hz at slightly higher thresholds than conventional audiometry, but less than the smallest typical 5\u2009dB clinical step-size. Our results suggest OtoKiosk is a reasonable solution for sound booths and exam rooms with low-level background noise.