A differential rate meter for real-time peak tracking in optically detected magnetic resonance at low photon count rates.

Abstract

We describe a real-time method to obtain normalized differential count rate signals from modulated systems with photon detection at single-photon count rates. The method is demonstrated with a real-time peak-locking and frequency control to track magnetic field using optically detected magnetic resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. This procedure allows us to measure the magnetic field continuously with a sensitivity of 4.1 µT/Hz1/2 and to track magnetic field sweep rates up to 50 µT/s. The differential rate meter automates the processing of voltage pulse outputs from the photon detector and provides noise levels on par with traditional photon counting methods using digital counters.