Heterodoridae: Cactodera, Globodera, Heterodera and Punctodera species.

Abstract

Abstract\n This chapter provides information on geographical distribution; host plants; symptoms; biology and life cycle; economic importance; movement and means of dispersal; pest risk analysis; invasiveness rating; management measures; and detailed account of diagnosis procedures, such as morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization, of Cactodera, Globodera, Heterodera and Punctodera species.