Extrapolation of single particle soot photometer incandescent signal data

Abstract

Abstract The Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) is an instrument for quantifying the refractory black carbon (rBC) mass of individual aerosol particles. It heats the particle’s rBC component to vaporization and quantifies the resulting visible thermal radiation to infer rBC mass. For purely technical reasons, SP2s are unable to quantify rBC mass beyond an easily adjustable limit due to eventual saturation of the electronics that record the visible light signals. Here, we evaluate an extrapolation algorithm to estimate rBC masses exceeding this upper limit in an SP2. The algorithm is based on identifying the crossing points of linear fits to unsaturated data, and using the duration of the saturated data to constrain potential errors. We find that extrapolation performance is quite insensitive to instrument parameters including laser intensity, rate of data acquisition, and particle speed through the laser. However, this approach increases uncertainty on the detection limit of the instrument, and is hence only useful in unknown aerosols for very limited extrapolation to approximately a factor of 1.5 increase in the upper mass range, corresponding to a 15% increase in the upper diameter limit. This increased range small enough that early identification of meaningful saturation during measurement campaigns remains the only tenable approach to robustly characterizing rBC mass size distributions and, in some cases, rBC mass concentrations.