Primary cardiac lymphoma: the management and outcome of a single-centre cohort of 22 patients

Abstract

Abstract Background The incidence of primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is increasing, but the optimal management approach remains unclear. We assessed the clinical characteristics of a single-centre cohort with the goal of determining the optimal management approach. The treatment outcomes and prognostic factors are reported. Material and methods All PCL patients were diagnosed via biopsy guided by whole-body imaging (positron emission tomography/computed tomography [PET/CT] and/or contrast-enhanced CT]. Curative therapy involved either surgery or prephase steroids followed by definitive immunochemotherapy, depending on the histological type. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS); the secondary outcome was the treatment response. Results Twenty-two PCL patients (14 males, 8 females; age: 59.5\u2009±\u200914.7\u2009years [mean\u2009±\u2009S.D.]) were histologically confirmed to have diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n\u2009=\u200917 [77.3%]), fibrin-associated DLBCL (FA-DLBCL) (n\u2009=\u20094 [18.2%]) and Burkitt lymphoma (n\u2009=\u20091 [4.5%]). Seven patients underwent cardiotomy (three for biopsy, four with curative intent). The median and longest follow-up periods were 16.3 and 180.0\u2009months, respectively. The 16 patients who received curative therapy (complete response [CR], n\u2009=\u200915 [93.8%]; partial response [PR], n\u2009=\u20091 [6.2%]) showed better survival than those who did not (5-year OS: 83.0\u2009±\u200911.3% vs. 0%; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.025[95% confidence interval, CI: 0.003–0.187], p\u2009<\u20090.001); 5-year PFS: 78.7\u2009±\u200911.0% vs. 0%, HR= 0.010[0.001–0.093], p\u2009<\u20090.001). The left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) before and after definitive treatment was 63.6\u2009±\u20092.4% and 64.6\u2009±\u20094.5%, respectively (p\u2009=\u20090.275, power = 0.318). Extrapericardial lesions were associated with poorer survival (5-year OS: 40.0\u2009±\u200929.7% vs. 100%, p\u2009=\u20090.027; 5-year PFS:40.0\u2009±\u200921.9% vs. 100%, p\u2009=\u20090.010). Conclusions Whole-body imaging is essential for diagnosis and prognosis. Curative therapy provided reasonable outcomes and survival; extrapericardial lesions were associated with a poorer treatment response.