Adults referred to a national ADHD clinic in Iceland: clinical characteristics and follow-up status.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE\nEvaluate adults referred to a national ADHD clinic, by comparing those diagnosed with those who were not, and those who screened negative and to evaluate changes among those diagnosed at follow-up.\n\n\nMETHOD\nData obtained from 531 patients medical records (49.7% males). One hundred thirty-six screened negative, 395 positive and 305 met diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Eighty-three of them were contacted by phone at follow-up.\n\n\nRESULTS\nADHD diagnosis was associated with lower educational status and more concerns expressed by parents and teachers during childhood. Participants not diagnosed with ADHD more often met diagnostic criteria for dysthymia, agoraphobia and generalized anxiety, and were more likely to be diagnosed with two or more comorbid disorders. At follow-up, all reported a significant reduction of ADHD symptoms, irrespective of medication, but the medicated participants reported fewer symptoms of inattention and better functioning in daily life.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nAdults referred to ADHD clinics may have multiple mental health problems, regardless of whether they receive ADHD diagnosis or not. This could have implications for differential diagnoses of ADHD in adults and emphasises the need to have appropriate treatment available for both groups. Psychoeducation about ADHD may be very helpful in decreasing anxiety and ADHD symptoms.