Formulation design, optimization and in vivo evaluation of oral co-encapsulated resveratrol-humic acid colloidal polymeric nanocarriers

Abstract

Abstract The study aims at formulation and optimization of resveratrol and humic acid co-encapsulated colloidal polymeric nanocarriers to improve stability, oral bioavailability, and antiradical activity of water-insoluble, resveratrol. The eudragit E100 polymeric material was used to fabricate resveratrol and humic acid co-encapsulated oral colloidal polymeric nanocarriers (Res-HA-co-CPNs) using emulsification-diffusion-evaporation method. Taguchi orthogonal array design was employed to check the effect of formulation factors on in vitro physicochemical characteristics. The optimized formulation was further evaluated for oral bioavailability as well as for antiradical potential. Optimized Res-HA-co-CPNs demonstrated spherical and smooth surface including mean particle size, 120.56\u2009±\u200918.8\u2009nm; polydispersity index, 0.122; zeta potential, +38.25\u2009mV; and entrapment efficiency, 82.37\u2009±\u20091.49%. Solid-state characterization confirmed the amorphous characteristic of optimized Res-HA-co-CPNs. In vitro release profile of Res-HA-co-CPNs showed sustained release behavior up to 48\u2009h and CPNs were found to remain stable at the refrigerated condition for 6 months. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies revealed significant (p\u2009<\u20090.05) improvement of ∼62.76-fold in oral bioavailability. The radical-scavenging activity was found to be increased with time and after 72\u2009h, it was analogous to pure Res. IC50 values were reported to be decreased with time. Henceforth, developed Res-HA-co-CPNs was proven to be a proficient dosage form to increase stability, oral bioavailability, and antiradical activity of resveratrol. Highlights Resveratrol-humic acid co-encapsulated colloidal polymeric nanocarriers (Res-HA-co-CPNs) were fabricated by emulsification-diffusion-evaporation method and optimized by Taguchi orthogonal array design. The Res-HA-co-CPNs revealed favorable mean particle size and percent encapsulation efficiency with a spherical and smooth surface. The Res-HA-co-CPNs showed diffusion-controlled release of Res and were found to be stable at the refrigerated condition for 6 months. The optimized Res-HA-co-CPNs demonstrated significantly (p\u2009<\u20090.05) higher oral bioavailability with respect to pure Res and PM. The optimized Res-HA-co-CPNs demonstrated higher radical-scavenging activity with respect to time. Graphical Abstract