Examining the heterogeneity of treatment patterns in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children and adolescents in the Texas Medicaid population: modeling suboptimal treatment response

Abstract

Abstract Objectives: To examine suboptimal responses (SR) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among pediatric patients in the Texas Medicaid program receiving osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) or lisdexamfetamine (LDX) and apply an SR prediction model to identify patients most likely to experience an SR to either OROS-MPH or LDX therapies. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using Texas Medicaid claims data of ADHD children and adolescents (6–17\u2009years of age) initiating OROS-MPH or LDX. Primary SR endpoints were drug discontinuation, switching, and augmentation 12-months post-ADHD drug initiation. Logistic regression models were developed to predict SR to OROS-MPH and LDX in 1:1 matched groups of children and adolescent cohorts. Results: A total of 3,633 children and 1,611 adolescents were matched for each cohort. SR was observed among more children (76.4% vs 72.3%; p\u2009<\u20090.001) and adolescents (82.7% vs 78.2%; p\u2009=\u20090.002) initiating OROS-MPH compared to LDX. Patient sub-groups with the highest predicted risk of OROS-MPH SR experienced significantly lower observed SR rates (p\u2009<\u20090.05) when initiating LDX (children: 80.6% for OROS-MPH vs 75.8% for LDX; OR\u2009=\u20090.75, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.60–0.94; adolescents: 87.2% for OROS-MPH vs 80.6% for LDX; OR\u2009=\u20090.61, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.41–0.89). For patients with highest predicted SR rates to LDX, observed SR rates were not significantly different between patients initiating LDX or OROS-MPH. Conclusions: This study demonstrated how a personalized medicine approach using administrative claims data can be used to identify sub-groups of child and adolescent ADHD patients with different risks for suboptimal response with OROS-MPH or LDX in a Medicaid population.