Methods of Improving the Awnless Brome Productivity in Yakutia

Abstract

The article presents an author’s long term works results on the development of the agroecological technique for growing seeds and hay of awnless brome in permafrost floodplain soils on the Lena river middle reaches. The awnless brome Ammachaan and Kamalinskiy 14 varieties seeding rate and row space for cultivars are recommended. Varieties morphological changes in Oymakonya conditions are given. Recommended agroecological methods of cultivation provide guaranteed seed yield from 1.9 to 2.25 C/ha and hay yield up to 21-54 C/ha in conditions without irrigation and irrigation. It should be noted that the awnless brome Ammachaan and Kamalinskiy 14 varieties despite meteorological conditions during the research years showed excellent winter hardiness in the conditions of Central Yakutia, and the Pole of Cold of Yakutia (Oymyakonye). At the same time, it was conducted the agroecological assessment of the initial material (150 samples) in the Oymyakonye region. Mostly varieties from the world collection of VIR were presented. Also, the Yakut breeding hybrids and local populations from the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) were tested. As a result of the research, the local samples were selected that exceed the Kamalinskiy 14 variety by selection indicators. It was determined the potential of awnless brome’ seeds and green mass formation using a wide-row method of sowing with 60 cm row space and a seeding rate of three million pieces per one hectare. The conducted researches have shown that the Kamalinskiy 14 variety are well-prepared to the winter grazing of horses in Yakutia.