Analysis of Technogenic Risk in the Assessment of Dust Emissions from the Metallurgical Complex on Cultivated Crops

Abstract

The paper presents empirical data on technogenic emissions from the Ust-Kamenogorsk metallurgical plant (East Kazakhstan). The study was conducted on dark chestnut soil and indicator test plants (cereals: Secale cereale L., Triticium aestivum L.; cruciferous: Brassica juncea L., Lepidium sativum L.; legumes: Pisum sativum L). Artificial dust pollution of industrial enterprises was produced in the following proportions 0,1%, 0,5%, 1,0%, 5,0%, 10,0% and 15.0% to the air-dry mass of the soil. During the laying of the model experiments used plastic containers. The soil was composted for 7 days at room temperature under conditions of full field moisture capacity. Environmental monitoring showed an intensive accumulation of lead in the root system of the test cultures. Eco-Toxicological analysis showed the phytotoxic effect of lead poisoning, which was manifested with minimal dust emission of industrial emissions (0.1% of dust in the soil), in which the biomass of germinated crops decreased by 11.1% relative to the control variant. Analysis of the dust load of the lead-zinc plant showed that at doses of 0.1-1% heavy metal (HM): Cd, Pb,Cu,Zn, there is a decrease in the growth processes of the test crops studied. With an increase in HM in the dust load (1.0%), a high level of bioaccumulation of HM was noted in cereals (Secale cereale L.) and cruciferous (Brassica juncea L). It was found that the least accumulation of zinc, copper and lead ions was observed in cereals (Triticium aestivum L.) and legumes (Pisum sativum L.), and cadmium ions – in cruciferous (Lepidium sativum L.). With a further increase in the HM concentration of 5%, a phytotoxic effect was detected, which amounted to 78% and with a dust load of 10-15%, the death of all the studied plants was noted.