Gene Action in Bread Wheat Triticum aestivium L. by Using Factorial Mating

Abstract

This experiment was carried out in Daquq, which is 40 km south of Kirkuk governorate at longitude 28-44 east and latitude 8-35 north in the winter season 2018-2019, and four male parents for used (Sham 6, Jad, Barcelona and Adana) and three female parents they are (Abu Ghraib3, Aras, and Ebaa 99) and their hybrids (12) are single hybrids, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The parents of Ebaa 99 showed superior in most of its components, and Adana parent gave the general combining ability in the traits of spike weight, a number of spikes, and a number of seeds per spike as reached 0.20, 2.57 and 3.18 respectively, and the hybrids (Ebaa 99 × Jad) and (Abu Ghraib 3 × Barcelona) in most of the traits, including the yield components. The heterosis of the hybrid was significant in often traits most of the hybrids study, The genetic and phenotypic variation is based on males, female and based on interaction were significant for all traits except number of spikes and length and weight of spike, where the highest genetic variation in plant height was 32.39 and the highest phenotypic variation was 42.31 for same trait. The reach the highest heritability in the narrow sense of plant height and in the male fathers was 0.72, and the degree of dominance was more than one for all the traits. The expected genetic advance was low for all traits, as it reached the highest in plant height based on males reaching 9.45.