Effect of different types of Waste as Binder on Durability Properties of Geopolymer Concrete: A Review

Abstract

Large amount of waste ash are produced by various industries. Some of the major waste ashes produces by industries include fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), Red mud (RM), ferrochrome slag (FS), Metakaolin (MK). Waste ashes also include agricultural residues like rice husk ash (RHA), sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA)andpalm oil fuel ash (POFA). These waste ashes plays an enormous challenge while it comes to the dumping of these materials. On other hand, conventional cement concrete consumes huge amount of cement which generates huge amount of CO2 during the production phase. To overcome these problems, utilization of these waste materials is necessary. Thus geopolymer concrete has been developed as a substitute to conventional cement concrete, where alkali activators react with the binder along with fine and coarse aggregates. The binder for geopolymer concrete can be any industrial or agricultural wastes which are rich in silica and alumina that collectively not only lead to the reduction in the environment pollution and waste management problem but also in enhancement of the properties of concrete. The purpose of this paper is to review the durability performance (like Sorptivity, Water absorption, Acid attack, Chloride attack, Wetting-drying cycles) of geopolymer concrete utilizing waste materials like FA, GGBFS, MK, VA, POFA, RM, FS, SBA and RHAetc. as binder to determine its suitability in the construction industry. The durability of geopolymer concrete utilizing fly ash and slags as binder have shown good resistance than other binder combinations and therefore proves to be better replacement to the conventional cement concrete.