Biodestruction of Buildings and Constructions and Improvement of Their Longevity and Environmental Friendliness at the Basis of Application of Bio-Resistant Materials

Abstract

The article discusses the problem of negative biological effects in buildings and structures. The analysis of microflora released from damaged objects is given. Risk groups for the development of diseases caused by microbial biodestructors that are potentially dangerous to humans are given. The biodegradation of residential and public buildings causes a decrease in the level of people’s health, and their disability occurs due to the deterioration of the urban environment. Microbes contained in building structures, in finishing and protective materials, can settle on the skin, enter the bloodstream through the lungs, and also with food into the human body. A number of pathologies that are difficult to cure and life-threatening have arisen recently due to a sharp drop in human immune reactivity. The object of the study was cement composites, which include port-lance cement, a mixing fluid, a filler, a fine aggregate, and additionally silicon organic compounds. The hypothesis is that the latter in the form of aryl - (aryloxy) silanes, due to their hydrolysis in a humid environment, can become potent biocidal components. During the research, generally accepted physical-mechanical and biological methods were used. To assess biostability, samples of cement composites were infected with a test by microorganisms from the following set of mycelial fungi: Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, Aspergillus terreus Thom, Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlburg) Cohn, Chaetomium globosum Kunze, Paecilomyces varioti Bainierulicomillumium Penicillium peniciumium Penicomium Thiumllium Penicillium peniciumium, Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fr. Tests have shown that silicon organic additives contribute to a significant increase in the biostability and strength of cement composites. Studies have revealed the presence of a correlation of the fungus resistance of building composites with the addition of silanes and their hydraulic activity.