855\u2003Patient Specific Digital Modelling And 3D Printing of Abdominal Anatomy- The Next Frontier in Surgical Simulation?

Abstract

\n \n \n Innovations in digital technologies afford new opportunities in surgical education.\n We describe a novel method of combining medical imaging data with virtual 3D modelling and printing techniques that could facilitate patient specific pre-operative planning and rehearsal.\n \n \n \n A series of silicone castings was produced to simulate upper abdominal viscera using a novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) injection moulding method. Digital models were generated by segmenting CT dual phase imaging in ITK-SNAP. A 3D polygon mesh was exported and optimised in the computer graphics software: Blender. Two 3D printers were used to manufacture a dissolvable mould of the digital models. Moulds were injected with coloured silicones and dissolved in water to reveal the multicolour/multi-material models.\n \n \n \n The silicone models retained the anatomical detail of the digitally segmented CT data sets. The multi-colour models were achieved with a single print and at very low cost (approx. £248/ model) and possessed varying shore hardness between viscera recreating lifelike fidelity.\n \n \n \n The hybrid 3D printing/injection moulding method offers an avenue to realistic surgical and anatomical simulation. A combination of both virtual models and 3D physical models may provide an enhanced surgical experience for preoperative and intraoperative planning allowing patient specific rehearsal.\n