Vitamin K2 Supplementation for the Prevention and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

\n \n \n To investigate the effects of vitamin K2 supplementation on the prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).\n \n \n \n Vitamin K2 and rheumatoid arthritis were searched in Pubmed from inception until December 2020.\n \n \n \n Study 1: Vitamin K2 inhibited the proliferation of mitogen-activated PBMCs of RA patients with an IC50 value of 3,288.47\xa0± 4,910.02\xa0ng/mL. There was a significant correlation between IC50 values of vitamin K2 and patient-related factors of RA patients (p <\xa00.05), such as C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA), matrix metalloproteinase-3, Pre-DAS-28 (CRP), and ∆DAS-28 (CRP). Methotrexate inhibited the proliferation of mitogen-activated PBMCs of RA patients with a IC50 value of 22.83\xa0± 12.47\xa0ng/mL. IC50 values of methotrexate only showed significant correlation with ACPA (p\xa0=\xa00.0158, r\xa0=\xa00.6905); Study 2: A significant decrease in MK-7 treated group for the levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), disease activity score assessing 28 joints with ESR (DAS28-ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-3) was found. In MK-7 treated group, a marked decrease in RA clinical and biochemical markers for moderate and good response compared to non-responders was observed in ucOC, ESR and DAS28-ESR. A marked increase in the levels of MK-7 for the moderate and good responders compared to non-responders was observed; Study 3: as compared to the MK-4-naïve group, the MK-4-treated group showed lower serum CRP (1.7\xa0± 0.2\xa0vs. 0.5\xa0± 0.1\xa0mg/dl; P <\xa00.001), MMP-3 (220.4\xa0± 21.9\xa0vs. 118.0\xa0± 14.4\xa0ng/ml; P <\xa00.001), and DAS28-CRP (2.9\xa0± 0.1\xa0vs. 2.4\xa0± 0.1; P <\xa00.05). The patients who were additionally treated with MK-4 showed significant decreases in serum CRP (1.1\xa0± 0.2 to 0.6\xa0± 0.2\xa0mg/dl; P <\xa00.001), MMP-3 (160.1\xa0± 25.6 to 125.0\xa0± 17.8\xa0ng/ml; P <\xa00.05), and DAS28-CRP (3.1\xa0± 0.2 to 2.4\xa0± 0.1; P <\xa00.001).\n \n \n \n Vitamin K2 supplementation could provide a benefit for the prevention and treatment of RA patients via its immunosuppressive function and improving disease activity.\n \n \n \n No.\n