Use of Byproduct Feeds in Southeastern Beef Production Systems

Abstract

\n Byproducts are an important component of many beef production systems in the southeast. A variety of byproducts are used as supplemental nutrition for pastured cattle, and a byproduct-based total mixed ration is commonly used in backgrounding enterprises. Byproducts of corn (wet and dry milling), soybean, cotton, peanuts, rice, citrus, brewing and vegetable processing are widely available. Regional availability will determine what optimal byproducts will be for a given area. The value of an alternative feed for beef cattle is commonly determined based on the TDN and CP levels relative to corn and soybean meal (the Peterson Method). This simple approach allows the user to calculate a $ per ton value at a given corn and soybean meal price, but may result in misleading information. Research comparing alternative feeds to the standard often find that a “realized value” is different than the calculated value. Intake may be stimulated or depressed by a given ingredient. Hidden costs including handling and shrinkage are often a problem for wet materials. Sometimes dramatic side effects occur despite a high calculated value for the feed. For example, fermented sweet potato cannery waste has a very high nutritive value that is realized when fed at low levels in a total mixed ration. However, when fed free-choice, it may cause severe dental erosion resulting in reduced gains in yearlings and early tooth loss in cows. Culled cured sweet potatoes coming from cold storage have a high calculated value yet can cause death in cows because of a lung toxin. There is actually a limited amount of research published with byproducts in southern beef production systems. Due to diversity of forage-base and wide variety of ingredients with potential associative effects, more research is needed to fully understand how byproducts are best utilized.