10-Year Outcomes After Monitoring, Surgery, or Radiotherapy

Abstract

This chapter provides a summary of the landmark Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial, a three-armed randomized controlled trial of men with clinically localized prostate cancer mostly diagnosed through prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening comparing radical prostatectomy to radiation therapy or active monitoring. Active monitoring consisted mostly of regular PSA testing. After 10 years of follow-up, very few deaths from prostate cancer occurred, underscoring the very low risk of death from prostate cancer in patients diagnosed by PSA screening irrespective of treatment approach.