Anthropometric Measures and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort.

Abstract

Studies of anthropometric measures and prostate cancer risk conducted primarily in White men have reported positive associations with advanced disease. We assessed body size in relation to incident prostate cancer risk in 79,950 men from the Multiethnic Cohort, with 8,819 cases identified over a 22-year period (1993-2015). Height was associated with increased risk of advanced prostate cancer (hazard ratio=1.24, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.48; ≥68 inches versus <66 inches) and high-grade disease (hazard ratio=1.15, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.31). Compared to men of normal weight, men overweight at baseline were at higher risk of high-grade cancer (hazard ratio=1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26). Greater weight was positively associated with localized and low-grade disease in African Americans and Native Hawaiians (Pheterogeneity by race 0.0002 and 0.008 respectively). Weight change since age 21 was positively associated with high-grade disease (hazard ratio=1.20, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.37; for ≥40 lb vs 10 lb; Ptrend=0.005). Comparing highest versus lowest quartile, waist-to-hip ratio was associated with a 1.78-fold increase (95% CI: 1.28, 2.46) in the risk of advanced prostate cancer. Positive associations with the majority of anthropometric measures were observed in all five racial/ethnic groups, suggesting a general impact of anthropometric measures on risk across populations.