Health-related quality of life (HRQL) in a randomized phase III trial of enzalutamide with standard first-line therapy for metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC): ENZAMET (ANZUP 1304), an ANZUP-led, international, co-operative group trial

Abstract

Abstract Background We previously reported that treatment with enzalutamide (ENZA) rather than an older non-steroidal anti-androgen (NSAA: bicalutamide, nilutamide, or flutamide), resulted in longer overall survival when added to standard first-line treatment, with or without concurrent early docetaxel, in mHSPC (hazard ratio 0.67, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.86, p\xa0=\xa00.002, NEJM 2019). Here we report effects on HRQL. Methods HRQL was measured with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and PR25 at weeks 0, 4, 12, and then 12-weekly until clinical progression. We used mixed models for repeated measures to calculate the least squares mean difference (LSMD), 95% CI, and p-value for comparisons of the randomly assigned groups for all assessments from week 4 to 156. For each analysis of deterioration-free survival, the endpoint was defined a-priori as the earliest of death, clinical progression, cessation of study treatment, or a 10-point worsening from baseline (minimum clinically important difference on scales scored from 0 to 100) in the pertinent HRQL sub-scale: physical functioning (PF), global health and quality of life (GHQL), cognitive functioning (CF), and fatigue; p-values were based on the log-rank test. Results Completion of HRQL forms in 1016 men with a baseline assessment of HRQL (1125 randomised) ranged from 94% at week 12 to 78% at week 156. Random assignment to ENZA v NSAA was associated with modest impairments (LSMD, 95% CI) from week 4 to 156 in fatigue (5.0, 3.3 to 6.7, p\xa0 Conclusions The addition of ENZA maintained GHQL and improved deterioration-free survival because early impairments in specific aspects of HRQL were insufficient to outweigh the subsequent benefits of delayed clinical progression. Clinical trial identification ACTRN12614000110684, NCT02446405; EUCTR2014-003190-42-IE. Legal entity responsible for the study ANZUP Cancer Trials Group and the NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney. Funding Astellas Pharma. Disclosure M.R. Stockler: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas; Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Pfizer; Research grant / Funding (institution): Medivation; Research grant / Funding (institution): Bayer. A.J. Martin: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. I.D. Davis: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. K.N. Chi: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. S. Chowdhury: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. L.G. Horvath: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. N.J. Lawrence: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. G.M. Marx: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. J. Mc Caffrey: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. R. McDermott: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. S.A. North: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. F. Parnis: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. D.W. Pook: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. M.N. Reaume: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. S.K. Sandhu: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. T.H. Tan: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. A. Thomson: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. R. Zielinski: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. C.J. Sweeney: Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.