Comparison of VITEK® 2, three different gradient strip tests and broth microdilution for detecting vanB-positive Enterococcus faecium isolates with low vancomycin MICs

Abstract

Abstract Objectives In 2018, EUCAST issued a warning regarding unreliable results of gradient strip tests for confirming vancomycin resistance in enterococci. We compared the performance of various diagnostic standard and confirmatory tests to identify and determine vanB-type vancomycin resistance. Methods We analysed a collection of vanB-positive Enterococcus faecium isolates (n\u205f=\u205f68) with low vancomycin MICs and compared the performance of VITEK® 2 (bioMérieux), broth microdilution and three gradient strip tests from different providers (Oxoid, Liofilchem and bioMérieux). For the latter we compared the standard procedure with a protocol with increased inoculum, a rich agar medium and a longer incubation time (‘macromethod’). Results The sensitivity of VITEK® 2 was 81% compared with 72% for broth microdilution and 61%–63% for the three gradient strip tests using standard conditions. The macromethod substantially improved the performance of all strip tests resulting in a sensitivity of 89%–96% after 48\u2009h of incubation. Conclusions We recommend that EUCAST changes the present warning against the general use of MIC strips. When MIC strips are used to either exclude or confirm suspected vancomycin resistance in E. faecium, and a PCR is not available, the macromethod should be employed. For clinically relevant enterococci, where a rapid therapeutic decision is needed, a molecular test (e.g. PCR) should be favoured in order to save time and to further increase sensitivity.