Time Taken to Return to Work Does Not Influence Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

Abstract

Study Design. Retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected registry data. Objective. To determine factors which influence return-to-work (RTW) in patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) and to determine if early RTW affects functional outcomes. Summary of Background Data. MIS-TLIF has been associated with accelerated return to work. RTW in non-WC working-age adults after MIS-TLIF is not well understood. Methods. Prospectively collected registry data of 907 patients who underwent MIS-TLIF at a single institution from 2004 to 2013 were reviewed. One hundred ten working adults who underwent single-level MIS-TLIF with complete preoperative and 5-year postoperative follow-up data were included. Patients were assigned into Early RTW (⩽60 d, n\u200a=\u200a40) and Late RTW (>60 d, n\u200a=\u200a70). All patients were assessed pre- and postoperatively at 2 and 5 years. Length of operation, length of stay, and comorbidities were also recorded. Results. The Early RTW group had significantly lower Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), North American Spine Society score for neurogenic symptoms (NASS NS), numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) back and leg pain scores than the Late RTW group (<0.01) There were no significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of medical comorbidities (P\u200a>\u200a0.05). In addition, there were no differences in terms of duration of surgery or length of hospitalization. There were no significant differences in ODI, NASS NS, Short-form 36 physical and mental component scores (SF-36 PCS/MCS), NPRS, satisfaction/expectation fulfilment between the Early and Late RTW groups at 2-year and 5-year follow-up. Both groups reported similar proportions that RTW without limitations and return-to-function (RTF) at 2-years and 5-years. Conclusion. Patients who RTW late have significantly poorer preoperative SF-36 physical component scores and higher ODI, NASS NS, NPRS back/leg pain scores. Surgeons should be cognizant that working adults with poorer preoperative function will tend to return to work later, but should reassure them that they will likely achieve similar clinical outcomes, satisfaction and expectation fulfilment when compared with patients who returned to work early. Level of Evidence: 3