The distance between the glottis and cuff of a tracheal tube placed through three supraglottic airway devices in children: A randomised controlled trial.

Abstract

BACKGROUND\nAfter tracheal tube insertion via various types of supraglottic airway devices, the distance from the tube cuff to the vocal cords has not been evaluated in children.\n\n\nOBJECTIVES\nThe aim of this study was to evaluate the position of a tracheal tube cuff relative to the glottis in children when one of three supraglottic airway devices (I-gel, AuraGain and air-Q laryngeal airway) are used as intubation conduits.\n\n\nDESIGN\nA randomised controlled trial.\n\n\nSETTING\nTertiary children s hospital.\n\n\nPATIENTS\nChildren aged less than 7 years.\n\n\nINTERVENTION\nIn vivo fibre-optic assessment and in vitro measurement.\n\n\nMAIN OUTCOME MEASURES\nThe main outcome was the safety margin: the distance between the ventilation outlet of the supraglottic airway device and the beginning of the proximal cuff minus that from the ventilation outlet to the glottis. The maximum inner diameter of the cuffed tracheal tube that could be inserted, the fibre-optic view score and the oropharyngeal leak pressure were also evaluated.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe three devices exhibited significant differences in the distance from the ventilation outlet to the glottis (mean\u200a±\u200aSD): I-gel 3.6\u200a±\u200a0.6\u200acm, AuraGain 3.8\u200a±\u200a0.7\u200acm, air-Q 2.8\u200a±\u200a1.0\u200acm (P\u200a<\u200a0.001). The safety margin was greatest with the air-Q and narrowest with the I-gel: I gel 1.9\u200a±\u200a1.1\u200acm, AuraGain 4.4\u200a±\u200a0.7\u200acm and air-Q 7.9\u200a±\u200a1.1\u200acm. Using the AuraGain and air-Q, the cuffs of the tracheal tubes were predicted to be located below the glottis with one-size and two-size smaller tracheal tubes in all patients. However, using I-gel, the cuffs would be below the glottis in 69% (95% CI 49.6 to 84.5) and 29% (95% CI 14.0 to 48.4) of the patients with a one-size and two-size smaller tube, respectively.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nThe AuraGain and air-Q are well tolerated intubating conduits. The possibility of vocal cord damage is higher when the I-gel is used.\n\n\nTRIAL REGISTRATION\nwww.clinicaltrials.gov (number: NCT03156166).