Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma

Abstract

Abstract Rationale: Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) is a rare type of primary malignant lung tumor characterized by Epstein-Barr virus infection, with, to the authors’ knowledge, a total of only 500 reported cases during the past 30\u200ayears worldwide. Histologically, PLELC is similar to undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. However, although PLELC accounts for <1% of all lung cancers, it has a better prognosis and is usually detected in non-smokers and individuals of Asian ancestry. Patient concerns: The patient presented with chest distress of no apparent cause, dizziness, headaches, and a feeling of disequilibrium without remission, as well as a pulmonary nodule incidentally detected on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Diagnosis: PLELC was confirmed histopathologically rather than on preoperative CT; nevertheless, CT findings still contributed to the diagnosis. Interventions: The patient underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection of the affected lung. Outcomes: The patient recovered after the lung nodule was completely removed, and was discharged. No evidence of recurrence or metastasis was found at the latest follow-up appointment 2 months after the operation. Lessons: PLELC is a rare bronchogenic carcinoma associated with lymphatic tissue with a favorable prognosis in most cases. With nonspecific clinical symptoms, specific radiological findings may facilitate an early diagnosis in some cases, followed by timely surgical intervention.