Validation of the mandarin tinnitus evaluation questionnaire

Abstract

Abstract This study sought to validate the applicability of the mandarin Tinnitus Evaluation Questionnaire (TEQ), a brief score method administered by clinicians to quantify the tinnitus severity. A descriptive observational questionnaire study in regard to psychometric properties and practicability was conducted with a total of 414 primary tinnitus outpatients, in which 173 of 414 patients completed the follow-up after receiving an intervention based on the tinnitus educational counseling and the life-style adjustment guidance. For quantifying the tinnitus severity, the TEQ and other 2 self-report questionnaires, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and visual analog scale, were administered on patients’ first-visit and follow-up. With the psychometric analysis, we evaluated the performance of TEQ in tinnitus management, including distinguishing patients with varying severity and detecting the treatment-related outcome. At the first visit, the TEQ showed an excellent inter-rater reliability (Pearson correlation, 0.97, P\u200a<\u200a.01), a good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach s α, 0.79), and an acceptable convergent validity (Pearson correlation, 0.78 with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory; 0.62 with a single-question visual analog scale, P\u200a<\u200a.01). In detecting the treatment-related change, a large effect size of TEQ verified a sensitive responsiveness. After estimating the test-error, a 2-point reduction (2/21) of the TEQ was recommend to be considered a reference outcome indicator for the effective intervention. Even though the TEQ is scored by clinician, it can reflect the clinical features of tinnitus patient. Flexible and simple assessing process makes it a practical tool for patient intake, intervention selection, and outcome measurement.