Case Report: Transient Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome as the Initial Presentation of Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

SIGNIFICANCE Prompt neuroimaging is important to identify multiple sclerosis lesions in the appropriate clinical setting. However, despite a normal brain MRI finding, a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis still must be considered in cases of dorsal midbrain syndrome, even if it is transient. PURPOSE The purpose of this case report is to present a patient with a transient presentation of dorsal midbrain syndrome, resolving within 1 week of initial symptoms, which was ultimately attributed to multiple sclerosis in the setting of a normal enhanced brain MRI study. CASE REPORT A 33-year-old man with new-onset visual complaints was found to have upgaze paresis, eyelid retraction, and pupillary light-near dissociation suggestive of dorsal midbrain syndrome. Within days, enhanced brain MRI was completed and showed a normal finding, and the clinical features of dorsal midbrain syndrome had resolved. Subsequent spine imaging and lumbar puncture lead to an ultimate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS There have been a few reported cases of dorsal midbrain syndrome as the presenting feature of multiple sclerosis. This case is unique because it reports a transient presentation of dorsal midbrain syndrome, documented to have resolved only days after initial presentation, which was ultimately attributed to multiple sclerosis.