Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW\nThe purpose of this review is to review the past year s literature to provide comprehensive information to researchers, physicians, and the general public regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Common ground as well as divergent viewpoints will be highlighted and discussed.\n\n\nRECENT FINDINGS\nThe diagnosis of GISTs may involve imaging tests such as computed tomorgraphy scan and MRI, endoscopy with or without endoscopic ultrasound, and biopsy. Only biopsy, however, can yield a positive diagnosis. As most GISTs express KIT protein, immunostaining for KIT and/or molecular genetic testing for mutations in KIT can diagnose 95% of GISTs. Regorafenib, a drug that inhibits various protein genes that lead to GIST development is a relatively new treatment modality.\n\n\nSUMMARY\nThe current review should enable clinicians to best select the diagnostic and treatment approaches to GIST.