Deploying an in vitro gut model to assay the impact of a mannan-oligosaccharide prebiotic, Bio-Mos® on the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) gut microbiome

Abstract

Mannose-oligosaccharide (MOS) pre-biotics are widely deployed in animal agriculture as immunomodulators as well as to enhance growth and gut health. Their mode of action is thought to be mediated through their impact on host microbial communities and the associated metabolism. Bio-Mos is a commercially available pre-biotic currently used in the agri-feed industry. To assess Bio-Mos for potential use as a prebiotic growth promotor in salmonid aquaculture, we have modified an established Atlantic salmon in vitro gut model, SalmoSim, to evaluate its impact on the host microbial communities. Inoculated from biological triplicates of adult farmed salmon pyloric caeca compartments, the microbial communities were stabilised in SalmoSim followed by a twenty-day exposure to the prebiotic and in turn followed by an eight day ‘wash out’ period. Dietary inclusion of MOS resulted in a significant increase in formate (p=0.001), propionate (p=0.037) and isovalerate (p=0.024) levels, correlated with increased abundances of several, principally, anaerobic microbial genera (Fusobacterium, Agarivorans, Pseudoalteromonas). DNA metabarcoding with the 16S rDNA marker confirmed a significant shift in microbial community composition in response to MOS supplementation with observed increase in lactic acid producing Carnobacterium. In conjunction with previous in vivo studies linking enhanced volatile fatty acid production alongside MOS supplementation to host growth and performance, our data suggests that Bio-Mos may be of value in salmonid production. Furthermore, our data highlights the potential role of in vitro gut models to augment in vivo trials of microbiome modulators. Importance In this paper we report the results of the impact of prebiotic (MOS supplementation) on microbial communities within recently developed Atlantic salmon gut microbiome in vitro simulator. Our data suggest that Bio-Mos may be of value in salmonid production as it enhances volatile fatty acid production in the Atlantic salmon gut and correlates with a significant shift in microbial community composition with observed increase in lactic acid producing Carnobacterium. In conjunction with previous in vivo studies linking enhanced volatile fatty acid production alongside MOS supplementation to host growth and performance, our data suggest that Bio-Mos may be of value in salmonid production. Furthermore, our data highlights the potential role of in vitro gut models to augment in vivo trials of microbiome modulators.