Evaluation of liver function tests and C-reactive protein in COVID-19 (SARS Cov-2) positive patients diagnosed by Real-time PCR

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, has caused an unconventional social and economic impact globally. To date, there was limited data regarding the effect of COVID-19 infection on the trend of RT-PCR Ct value, risk factors for disease, effect on liver enzymes, etc. This study aimed to assess the frequency of COVID-19 infection in different age groups and genders. Association of cycle threshold (Ct) values with disease severity and to describe the effect of COVID-19 infection on LFT, Deritis ratio, and CRP. That can be used as indicators for COVID-19 infection diagnosis, the guidance for treatment decisions, and prognosis in infected individuals. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Molecular Biology and Chemical Pathology sections of the Pathology Department, Shalamar Teaching Hospital Lahore from November 2020 to March 2021. RESULTS: Males 51% were more likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. Most of the infected individuals 36.5% were in the age group 20-40. Age and underlying comorbidities are important factors that play a significant role in COVID-19 severity. The uppermost number of the patients had symptoms of fever 78.3%, cough 50.4%, and myalgias 50.1% RT-PCR low Ct value could be an important indicator related with the disease severity and mortality risk p value < 0.001 and 0.003 respectively. Bilirubin indirect, ALT, AST, and CRP were significantly associated with disease severity. Deritis ratio and CRP were found to be significantly associated with the risk of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Real-Time PCR results along with Ct values for SARS-CoV-2 may have benefits for clinicians in patient management decisions. Several risk factors e.g., age and comorbidities for developing severe disease and mortality risk have been identified. These biochemical laboratory parameters ALT, AST, Deritis ratio and CRP can be used as predictive biomarkers for progression towards severe disease and risk of mortality.