Cooling process of brown dwarfs in Palatini \nf(R)\n gravity

Abstract

We present an analytical model for the evolution of brown dwarfs in quadratic Palatini f(R) gravity. We improve previous studies by adopting a more realistic description of the partially-degenerate state that characterizes brown dwarfs. Furthermore, we take into account the hydrogen metallic-molecular phase transition between the interior of the brown dwarf and its photosphere. For such improved model, we revise the cooling process of sub-stellar objects.