Superconducting size effect in thin films under electric field: Mean-field self-consistent model

Abstract

We consider effects of an externally applied electrostatic field on superconductivity, self-consistently within a BCS mean field model, for a clean 3D metal thin film. The electrostatic change in superconducting condensation energy scales as $\\mu^{-1}$ close to subband edges as a function of the Fermi energy $\\mu$, and follows 3D scaling $\\mu^{-2}$ away from them. We discuss nonlinearities beyond gate effect, and contrast results to recent experiments.