High-temperature tunable superfluidity of polaritons in Xene monolayers in an optical microcavity

Abstract

We study tunable polaritons in monolayers of silicene, germanene, and stanene (Xenes) via an external electric field in an open optical microcavity whose length can be adjusted. An external electric field applied perpendicular to the plane of the Xene monolayer simultaneously changes the band gap and the exciton binding energy, while the variable length of the open microcavity allows one to keep the exciton and cavity photon modes in resonance. First, the Schrodinger equation for an electron and hole in an Xene monolayer is solved, yielding the eigenergies and eigenfunctions of the exciton as a function of the external electric field. The dependence of the polaritonic properties, such as the Rabi splitting and cavity photon damping, on the external electric field and on the cavity length, is analyzed. The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition temperature of polaritons is calculated as a function of the external electric field. We analyze and present the conditions for a room-temperature superfluid of lower polaritons by simultaneously maximizing the Rabi splitting and BKT transition temperature.