X-ray Search for Axions from Nearby Isolated Neutron Stars

Abstract

Axions may be produced thermally inside the cores of neutron stars (NSs), escape the stars due to their weak interactions with matter, and subsequently convert into X-rays in the magnetic fields surrounding the NSs. We perform a hard X-ray search from 2 - 8 keV arising from this emission mechanism from the nearby Magnificent Seven isolated NSs using archival XMM-Newton and Chandra data. These NSs are unique in that they have only been detected in the UV and soft X-ray bands; their observed fluxes are thought to arise from thermal emission at temperatures ~100 eV from the NS surfaces. We use the X-ray datasets to set the strongest limits to-date on the product of the axion-photon and axion-nucleon couplings for axion masses below ~$10^{-4}$ eV. Moreover, we interpret an observed excess of hard X-rays from the Magnificent Seven in the context of the axion model, and we discuss possible future measurements to help rule out or confirm this possibility.