Average Symbol Error Rate Analysis of QAM Schemes Over Millimeter Wave Fluctuating Two-Ray Fading Channels

Abstract

In this study, analytical expressions are derived by using probability density function approach over millimeter wave fluctuating two-ray (FTR) fading channels for average symbol error rate (ASER) of rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (RQAM) and cross quadrature amplitude modulation (XQAM) schemes. First, an exact ASER expression for RQAM over millimeter wave FTR fading channels is derived. Second, two different upper bound ASER expressions of RQAM scheme under millimeter wave FTR fading conditions are obtained by using Chernoff and Chiani approximations of Gaussian $Q$ -function. In addition to this, an asymptotic ASER expression for RQAM is also proposed. Then, an analytical formulation is presented for XQAM signaling over millimeter wave FTR fading channels in terms of infinite series representations which rapidly converge. Finally, the numerical results of the proposed analytical expressions are compared with the simulation results in order to validate the analytical findings in this work.