A DSS-based Comparator for Facial Race Age Estimation

Abstract

Facial age estimation is an essential feature in many applications satisfying the need to provide users with content that corresponds to their ages. However, providing an inclusive facial age estimation solution that is also high-performing is challenging due to the many different factors that influence the face. This article leverages DeepSets for Symmetric Elements (DSS) to propose an approach that aims to extract a reliable set of rich feature vectors for age estimation. It combines a DSS feature extractor, ternary classifier, and a race determiner. Precisely, the extractor consists of a siamese-like layer that applies a regular convolutional neural network to input images and an aggregation module that sums up all of the images and then adds them to the output from the siamese layer. To estimate the age, the ternary classifier obtains the feature vectors seeking to classify them into three possible outcomes that correspond to younger than, similar to, or older than. The correlation is achieved using identical pairs of input and reference images that belong to the same race. The result indicates the similarity between the images: the higher the score, the closer the similarity. With an accuracy of 94.8%, 95.2%, and 90.5% on the MORPH II, a race-inclusive dataset, and the FG-NET, we demonstrate that our proposal exemplifies facial age estimation particularly when the race factor is considered in the estimation.