Morphometric Analysis of Coronal Craniosynostosis Bones of Facial Cranium Based on Discrete Cosine Transform

Abstract

The elliptic Fourier series is often used to fit two-dimensional closed curves and perform morphometric analysis. Three-dimensional open curves mainly use the landmark-based method. Some studies connect the start and end positions of open curves, which can be regarded as closed curves. Human facial structure is usually expressed by the shape of the facial cranium bones. Nasal aperture, orbit and zygomatic arch curves are the more important bones of facial cranium curves. After using general procrustes analysis (GPA) to align the sets of 63 skulls with coronary craniosynostosis represented by 209 landmarks, discrete cosine transform (DCT) is utilized to approximate five kinds of bones of facial cranium curves, including 43 affected patients and 20 normal persons. Stepwise discriminant analysis was performed on the generated coefficients. The analysis results show that three types of coronary craniosynostosis, including LUCS, BCS, RUCS, will cause the overall backward of the upper part of bones of facial cranium and the overall outward expansion of the lower part of bones of facial cranium. The specific effects of different diagnosis are different. At the same time, coronal craniosynostosis has a greater impact on the upper part of bones of facial cranium and a lesser impact on the lower part of bones of facial cranium.