Alternating Renewal Theory Based MAC-Layer Sensing Period Optimization in CRNs with Hybrid OFF/ON Channel State Length Distributions

Abstract

Cognitive radio (CR) is considered as the most promising solution to the so-called spectrum scarcity problem, in which channel sensing is an important problem. In this paper, the problem of determining the period of medium access control (MAC)-layer channel sensing in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) is studied. In our study, the channel state is statistically modeled as a continuous-time alternating renewal process (ARP) alternating between the OFF and ON states for the primary user (PU)’s communication activity. Based on the statistical ARP model, we analyze the CRNs with different SU MAC protocols, taking into consideration the effects of practical issues of imperfect channel sensing and non-negligible channel sensing time. Based on the analysis results, a constrained optimization problem to find the optimal sensing period is formulated and then studied for systems with hybrid OFF/ON channel state length distributions. Numerical results are presented to show the performance of the proposed sensing period optimization scheme. The effects of practical system parameters, including channel sensing errors and channel sensing time, on the performance of the proposed sensing period optimization scheme are also investigated.