A Modified Dynamic Programing for Generation Scheduling–Environmental Impact Analysis for EV Penetration

Abstract

This paper proposes a generation scheduling (GS) method, the Modified Dynamic Programing (MDP), for analysis of the environmental impact of EV penetration to electricity demand. The ten-unit system is used as reference system to compare the electricity production cost derived from various GS methods. Numerical results show that MDP could be effectively used for GS. EV charging load is added to the reference system demand, taken into consideration of different EV charging schemes and charging periods, which could be affected by time of use (TOU) tariff. Although EV penetration leads to fuel switching from gasoline to electricity, EV charging load increases system demand and draws large power consumption during their charging time, resulted in higher production cost and indirect environmental impact from power plant’s CO2 emissions. Charging EV during TOU hours could reduce production cost but increase CO2 emissions since EV load will draw power from coal-fired base load units.